Despite constitutional amendments mandating one-third reservation for women in panchayati raj institutions, a significant number of elected women representatives in Himachal Pradesh are serving as proxies for their male relatives, according to a recent study. The phenomenon, often termed 'power by proxy,' underscores the deep-rooted patriarchal structures that continue to dominate local governance in the state.
The Proxy Phenomenon
Researchers from the Himachal Pradesh University interviewed over 500 elected women representatives across 12 districts. They found that nearly 40% of the women admitted that their husbands or other male family members made most of the decisions, while they merely signed documents. 'I contested because my husband asked me to. He handles all the work; I just attend meetings,' said a panchayat member from Mandi district.
The study highlights that such proxy representation is more prevalent in financially backward and socially conservative regions. In many cases, women are fielded to fulfill the reservation quota, but real power remains with male relatives who often have criminal backgrounds or political ambitions.
Root Causes
Several factors contribute to the proxy culture. Lack of education, limited exposure to public life, and social norms that discourage women from taking leadership roles are primary reasons. 'Women are often not allowed to speak in meetings. If they do, they are ridiculed,' noted a researcher. Additionally, male family members view panchayat positions as avenues for power and patronage, using women as figureheads.
The study also found that women who are educated or from politically active families are less likely to be proxies. However, even among them, many face resistance from male colleagues and community members.
Impact on Governance
Proxy representation undermines the very purpose of reservation, which aims to empower women and bring diverse perspectives. 'Decisions are often taken without consulting women, leading to neglect of issues like sanitation, water, and child care,' said a local activist. Moreover, it perpetuates a cycle where women remain disempowered, and patriarchal norms are reinforced.
The state government has introduced training programs for elected women representatives, but their impact has been limited. Experts call for stricter monitoring, awareness campaigns, and creating safe spaces for women to participate actively.
Way Forward
To break the proxy pattern, the study recommends mandatory capacity-building workshops, financial independence for women, and involving men as allies. 'We need to change mindsets. Reservation alone cannot bring equality,' emphasized a gender expert. The findings serve as a wake-up call for policymakers to address the gap between de jure representation and de facto empowerment.
