Mumbai: Head and neck cancer cases account for almost 40% of the total cancer burden in India, with the majority diagnosed in late stages when treatment becomes challenging. Against this backdrop, oncologists emphasize that simple self-examinations could help detect symptoms early, when treatment is most effective.
Demographic Shift and Risk Factors
At a meeting to mark April as Head and Neck Cancer Awareness Month, senior oncologist Dr. Sewanti Limaye highlighted a worrying demographic shift. She noted a growing contribution from non-tobacco factors such as human papillomavirus (HPV) and poor oral hygiene, particularly in younger age groups between 30 and 50 years. Cases among non-tobacco users and non-smokers are rising, with studies indicating an increase of roughly 20%.
Alarming Statistics
According to the National Oral Cancer Registry, five people die every hour in India due to oral cancer. Doctors recommend a two-minute self-screening examination once a month. Individuals should check for white or red patches in the mouth, ulcers that do not heal within two weeks, unusual bleeding, or loose teeth. Other signs include lumps or swelling in the jaw or neck, hoarseness or voice changes, and persistent pain in the ear or while swallowing.
Preventive Measures
Studies by leading cancer institutes such as Tata Memorial Centre show that nearly 80% of oral cancers in India are linked to tobacco use, areca nut (supari) chewing, alcohol consumption, and HPV infections. Early detection through self-examination can significantly improve treatment outcomes and survival rates. Doctors urge the public to adopt monthly self-checks and seek medical advice if any symptoms persist.
