Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a hormonal condition affecting 1 in 8 women globally, has been officially renamed to polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS). This change, published in The Lancet on Tuesday, follows 14 years of collaboration between experts and patients.
Why the Name Change?
According to researchers and supporters, the previous name, PCOS, was inaccurate. It reduced the complex hormonal or endocrine disorder to a misunderstanding about cysts. The focus on ovaries often contributed to missed diagnoses and inadequate treatment, the Endocrine Society stated.
Dr. Melanie Cree, a co-author of the Lancet article and pediatric endocrinology expert at the University of Colorado Anschutz, explained: "The thought behind that is that, one, there are no cysts in the ovary, so it's very confusing. The hope was that, with a more comprehensive and accurate name change, it would start to enable and push better care."
What Is PMOS?
Polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome is characterized by hormonal fluctuations that can affect weight, metabolic and mental health, the reproductive system, and the skin. It is linked with metabolic syndrome, a group of conditions increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and stroke, according to Dr. Sarah Hutto of the University of Minnesota Medical School.
The exact cause remains unknown, but genetics and obesity are believed to play a role, as per the Cleveland Clinic.
Symptoms of PMOS
Symptoms vary, making diagnosis challenging. Common symptoms include:
- Irregular menstrual cycle: Missing periods or heavy bleeding.
- Abnormal hair growth: Excess facial or body hair (hirsutism), affecting about 70% of individuals.
- Acne: Due to excess androgens.
- Obesity: 40% to 80% of people with PMOS have obesity and struggle with weight management.
PMOS also causes follicles on the ovaries, not abnormal cysts. In teens, diagnosis can involve checking for irregular periods and signs of high androgens, such as severe acne or chest hair.
PMOS and Infertility
PMOS is the most common cause of female infertility, due to infrequent ovulation. It also increases risks of pregnancy complications like gestational diabetes and preterm birth, though most individuals can successfully carry a pregnancy.
Treatment Options
Lifestyle changes are the primary treatment, according to Dr. Cree. This includes reducing processed foods, regular exercise, and adequate sleep. "There is science to back this up. In PMOS, too much insulin confuses the ovary into producing excess testosterone, causing symptoms," she said.
Other treatments include insulin-sensitizing medicines like metformin, androgen-blocking medications, and hormonal birth control.
This article is adapted from the TOI Lifestyle Desk.
