Indian masks are not mere artistic creations; they are repositories of folklore, embodiments of religious ideology, and links to traditional culture. Travelling across India offers a glimpse into this world through performances that utilise masks.
Purulia Chhau Dance Masks, West Bengal
These colourful masks from Purulia Chhau Dance depict characters from Hindu epics like Ramayana, Mahabharata, and Puranic legends. Crafted mainly in Charida Village, they include gods, demons, animals, and mythical creatures, helping actors express emotions through facial expressions.
Theyyam Masks, Kerala
These magnificent masks are worn during Theyyam, a religious ritual dance in Kerala. During the performance, the performer is considered a god incarnate, and devotees pray to him.
Mukha Masks of Majuli, Assam
Handmade by Vaishnavite monks on Majuli Island, these masks are used in the performance art form 'Bhaona.' Introduced by Srimanta Sankardeva, they are crafted from bamboo, clay, and cloth, depicting characters from Hindu mythology and folklore.
Bhuta Masks, Karnataka
Associated with the ritual art form 'Bhuta Kola,' these masks represent local protector spirits called 'bhutas.' Adorned with metal ornaments, they are designed so that the jaw and eyes can move.
Cham Masks, Ladakh
Found in Buddhist monasteries across Ladakh, these masks are worn by performers of sacred dances. They represent wrathful deities, protectors, animals, and enlightened beings.
Ravana Chhaya Masks, Odisha
Connected with the shadow puppetry theatre Ravana Chhaya, these masks depict figures from the Ramayana. Though primarily a shadow puppet tradition, the mask culture reflects Odisha's storytelling and epic faith.
Narasimha Masks, Andhra Pradesh
These expressive masks depict the fierce lion-headed Narasimha avatar of Vishnu. Used in temple festivals and folk theatres, they narrate the tale of Narasimha slaying the demon king Hiranyakashipu.
Tribal Masks of Arunachal Pradesh
Masks used by tribes, especially the Monpa community, in temple festivals and dances depict animals, spirits, and protecting deities.
Bastar Metal Masks, Chhattisgarh
Unique metal masks from Bastar are made by Dhokra crafters using the ancient lost-wax process. Created from non-ferrous metals like brass, they represent tribal gods, spirits, animals, and legendary characters, serving as objects of reverence in shrines and homes.
