Why New Indian Airports Are Struggling To Actually Take Off: An In-Depth Analysis
In April 2017, a historic moment unfolded in Shimla as the hill station welcomed its first commercial flight under the government's ambitious Udan (Ude Desh ka Aam Naagrik) scheme. This event was heralded as the dawn of enhanced regional connectivity, promising to bridge remote areas with major urban centers. However, the initial optimism has gradually faded into operational realities. Eight years later, Shimla Airport was managing merely around two flights per day, and by December 2025, services were temporarily suspended, highlighting a broader trend across the nation.
The Scale of Expansion and Current Challenges
India has been aggressively expanding its aviation infrastructure, constructing one new domestic airport approximately every 45 days. Many of these developments are part of the Udan initiative, which aims to boost regional connectivity by making air travel more accessible and affordable. Despite this rapid pace, the results have been mixed. Recent data reveals that 15 out of 76 airports built under the Udan scheme, with a collective investment worth ₹900 crore, are now non-operational. The government has described these closures as temporary, but they underscore significant hurdles in sustaining airport operations.
Factors Contributing to Operational Struggles
Several key factors are impeding the successful takeoff of these new airports:
- Low Passenger Traffic: Many airports, like Shimla, are located in regions with limited demand, leading to insufficient flight frequencies and financial viability issues for airlines.
- Infrastructure Gaps: Some airports lack adequate supporting infrastructure, such as reliable road connectivity or essential amenities, which discourages usage.
- Economic Viability: Airlines often struggle to maintain profitable routes on these new connections due to high operational costs and low ticket sales.
- Regulatory and Logistical Hurdles: Challenges in obtaining necessary clearances, coupled with logistical complexities, can delay or disrupt services.
The Broader Implications for India's Aviation Strategy
This situation raises critical questions about India's aviation policy. While expanding airport infrastructure is crucial for economic growth and regional development, the current approach may require reassessment. Experts suggest that a more targeted strategy, focusing on sustainability rather than sheer numbers, could yield better outcomes. This includes enhancing connectivity to existing airports, improving last-mile infrastructure, and incentivizing airlines to operate on less profitable routes through continued government support.
As India continues its journey towards becoming a global aviation hub, balancing rapid expansion with operational efficiency will be key. The temporary shutdowns serve as a reminder that building airports is only the first step; ensuring they thrive requires ongoing attention to demand, infrastructure, and economic factors. The future of regional air connectivity in India hinges on learning from these challenges and adapting strategies accordingly.
