The latest Sample Registration System (SRS) 2024 report, released by the Union government, reveals that Andhra Pradesh is experiencing slower population growth, smaller family sizes, and improved child health indicators. One of the most significant findings is the steady decline in the total fertility rate (TFR), which has dropped to 1.4 children per woman, well below the national average of 1.9. Approximately a decade ago, the state's fertility rate was close to 2, indicating a growing preference for smaller families.
Fertility Trends and Population Dynamics
A fertility rate below the replacement level of 2.1 suggests that the population may eventually stabilize and begin aging over time. The gross reproduction rate in Andhra Pradesh stands at 0.7, compared to the national average of 0.9, further signaling slower population growth. The state's demographic pattern is now aligning with other southern states like Kerala and Tamil Nadu, which are known for lower birth rates, smaller families, and better healthcare indicators.
The report also highlights that Andhra Pradesh has one of the lowest child populations among major Indian states. Only 19% of the population belongs to the 0-14 age group, while the national average is around 24%. Experts attribute this trend to smaller families, delayed marriages, improved female literacy, and greater awareness about family planning.
Improvements in Child Health Indicators
Andhra Pradesh has recorded significant improvements in child health. The infant mortality rate (IMR) has dropped to 18 deaths per 1,000 live births, lower than the national average of 24. The state has consistently reduced infant mortality over the years: from 25 in 2019 to 24 in 2020, 22 in 2021, 20 in 2022, 19 in 2023, and 18 in 2024.
Other child health indicators have also improved. The neonatal mortality rate, which measures deaths within the first 28 days after birth, stands at 14. The under-five mortality rate is 22. Both are lower than the national averages. The crude birth rate in Andhra Pradesh is estimated at 14.3 per 1,000 population, compared to the national average of 18.3, reflecting a continuing decline in birth rates.
Rural-Urban Disparities in Healthcare
However, the report points to persistent differences between rural and urban areas in healthcare outcomes. Rural Andhra Pradesh records higher infant and child mortality rates than urban areas. The IMR in rural areas is 20, compared to 13 in urban areas. Similarly, the under-five mortality rate is 24 in rural areas and 15 in urban centers. Experts say this reflects uneven access to maternal and child healthcare services, especially in remote and tribal regions.
Emerging Ageing Population
The report also highlights signs of an emerging ageing population. As birth rates continue to decline and life expectancy improves, the number of elderly people in the state is expected to rise steadily over the next two decades. This may increase the demand for elderly healthcare, pensions, and welfare support systems in the future.
Key Data Points from SRS 2024
- Crude death rate: 6.6 per 1,000 population (national average: 6.4)
- Total fertility rate: 1.4 (national average: 1.9)
- Infant mortality rate: 18 per 1,000 live births (national average: 24)
- Gross reproduction rate: 0.7 (national average: 0.9)
- Rural IMR: 20; Urban IMR: 13
- Rural under-5 mortality: 24; Urban under-5 mortality: 15
- State IMR trend: 25 (2019) to 18 (2024)
