A groundbreaking global review has sounded the alarm on a widespread nutritional shortfall, revealing that a staggering 76 per cent of the world's population, including India, is failing to meet recommended intakes of essential Omega-3 fatty acids. Published on January 10, 2026, this first-of-its-kind assessment highlights a critical gap between what our bodies need and what we consume, posing significant risks to heart health, diabetes management, and overall well-being.
The Alarming Global Shortfall and Daily Requirements
The collaborative research underscores that the health benefits of Omega-3 are vital for every age group and cannot be ignored. These essential fats, which the body cannot produce on its own, are crucial for building brain cells, reducing inflammation, and supporting cell membranes. The study provides clear quantification for daily needs: a minimum of 250 milligrams per day of combined EPA and DHA is considered sufficient for general health, with an additional 100–200 mg of DHA recommended for pregnant women.
Dr. Sonia Gandhi, Head of the Department of Dietetics and Nutrition at Fortis Hospital, Mohali, explains the term 'essential': "They are called essential because the body cannot produce them on its own, so they must be obtained through diet or supplements." The primary types are ALA (from plant sources like flaxseeds), and EPA & DHA (primarily from seafood).
Why Deficiency is Rampant and Its Multisystem Impact
Experts point to several reasons for this pervasive deficiency. Low consumption of fish and seafood, displacement of natural sources by packaged foods, and an imbalance with Omega-6 fats from refined oils like sunflower and soybean oil are key culprits. Dr. Gandhi notes, "We may be having too much of Omega 6... which block Omega-3 absorption. There is also poor conversion from plant sources like flax or chia into the brain-usable DHA."
The consequences of this gap are profound and system-wide. Omega-3 fatty acids are cardioprotective, lowering triglycerides, improving lipid profiles, and reducing the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. They exhibit strong anti-inflammatory properties, support brain development and cognitive function, and can help manage symptoms of depression and anxiety.
Dr. Puneet Kumar, Physician and Diabetologist at Livasa Hospital, Mohali, emphasizes the direct link to chronic conditions prevalent in India: "Indians cannot ignore the fact that regular intake of Omega-3... can significantly help them manage heart health and diabetes. There is strong evidence that Omega-3 may help lower blood triglyceride levels." He adds that these fats improve arterial flexibility, reduce liver fat for better glucose regulation, and even impact hunger-regulating hormones to prevent overeating.
Bridging the Gap: Key Dietary Sources
To address the deficiency, individuals must consciously incorporate Omega-3-rich foods. For EPA and DHA, fatty fish like salmon, sardines, mackerel, and tuna are excellent sources, along with fish oil supplements. Plant-based ALA can be found in flaxseeds, chia seeds, walnuts, and mustard oil. For those on vegetarian diets, supplements might be necessary to ensure adequate DHA levels, as the conversion from plant sources is inefficient.
This global review serves as a crucial wake-up call. With three out of four people operating with a deficit, proactive steps through dietary changes or supplementation, under medical guidance, are essential to harness Omega-3's power in preventing and managing some of the world's most prevalent non-communicable diseases.
