Bhagalpur: The Bihar Agricultural University (BAU) in Sabour has developed several improved litchi varieties over the years, including Sabour Madhu, Hybrid-235, Sabour Litchi-1, and Sabour Bedana. These efforts aim to strengthen Bihar's footprint in both domestic and international fruit markets.
Sabour Bedana: A Premium-Quality Litchi
Among these, Sabour Bedana stands out as a local selection developed at BAU's research farms. It is being promoted as a premium-quality litchi due to its rich aroma, high pulp content, small seed, and comparatively longer shelf life. The variety was first released in 1996 but has been continuously improved through scientific research over the years.
Key Characteristics and Yield
BAU Vice-Chancellor D R Singh announced on Wednesday that Sabour Bedana produces bright red fruits with an average weight of 27 grams. Each tree yields between 80 kg and 100 kg of fruit. The variety records a total soluble solids (TSS) content of 24°Brix, significantly higher than the 15°Brix to 19°Brix found in most standard litchi varieties.
Explaining the significance, Singh said a TSS level of 24°Brix indicates the fruit contains about 24% natural sugars and other dissolved solids by weight, giving it exceptional sweetness, minimal tartness, and a high sugar-to-acid ratio. “The variety is distinguished by its very small seed, thin seed coat, heavy pulp, and rich candy-like sweetness,” the VC added.
Seed Size and Pulp Content
According to BAU, the seed size in Sabour Bedana ranges from 2 grams to 4 grams, while the pulp content accounts for 76% to 80% of the fruit. This makes it one of the most desirable litchi varieties for consumers, offering a high edible portion.
Bihar's Leading Role in Litchi Production
Bihar is the country's leading litchi-producing state, contributing nearly 40% of India's total production. Litchi cultivation provides livelihood opportunities to millions of people through farm and allied activities. Small and marginal farmers earn additional income from trees grown in homesteads.
Geographical Indication and Other Cultivars
Referring to the Geographical Indication (GI) tag, Singh noted that Bihar's Shahi Litchi received this recognition in 2018 for its unique quality, aroma, and geographical origin associated with the Muzaffarpur region. He also mentioned other important commercial cultivars: Shahi, China, Bedana, Purbi, Mandraji, Large Red, Deshi, Ajhauli, Rose Scented, and Kasba.
Future Prospects and Global Context
Singh expressed confidence that Sabour Bedana would establish a strong presence across India and eventually in international fruit markets. India is the world's second-largest producer of litchi after China. Other major producing countries include Thailand, Australia, South Africa, Madagascar, and the United States.
