Scientists at Punjab Agricultural University (PAU) are evaluating flat insect-net structures as a potential alternative to conventional dome-shaped polyhouses, with preliminary findings indicating that the technology may be better suited to Punjab's climatic conditions. The study, being conducted for the first time at the university, focuses on the suitability of polyhouses in regions experiencing extreme temperatures.
Limitations of Dome-Shaped Polyhouses
While polyhouses have been widely promoted for protected cultivation and offer favorable growing conditions during winter months, experts note they are often less effective during Punjab's intense summers. According to researchers, temperatures inside dome-shaped polyhouses can rise significantly during peak summer, despite the shade provided by plastic covering. This excessive heat creates stress for crops and hampers plant growth, making year-round cultivation challenging under such structures in Punjab's climate.
Advantages of Flat Insect-Net Structures
To address these limitations, PAU researchers have established flat insect-net structures and are assessing their performance under local conditions. Unlike conventional polyhouses, these structures use insect-proof nets instead of plastic sheets, allowing greater airflow while still protecting against pests. Scientists highlight improved ventilation and aeration as key benefits. The free flow of air helps maintain a favorable microclimate around crops and prevents excessive heat buildup during hot weather. Additionally, the nets provide shade and act as a barrier against many insect pests, reducing crop damage and the need for frequent pesticide applications.
Another significant advantage is the ability to allow natural rainfall to reach crops. During monsoon season, rainwater is blocked by the plastic covering of conventional polyhouses, whereas insect-net structures permit rainwater entry. Agricultural experts note that rainwater is generally beneficial for plant health and can enhance crop growth under certain conditions.
Encouraging Preliminary Results
Dr. Nilesh Biwalkar, Associate Professor in the Department of Soil and Water Engineering at PAU, reported that the initial study results have been promising. "The study and observations recorded during the first season have been encouraging. The insect-net structures have shown potential in maintaining a more suitable environment for crops while providing protection from insects," he stated.
The structures are also significantly cheaper than conventional polyhouses, with establishment costs around half that of a standard polyhouse, making them a more affordable option for farmers adopting protected cultivation. Researchers further noted that farmers can avail subsidies for insect-net houses, similar to those available for polyhouses under government-supported horticulture development schemes. This could encourage wider adoption if the technology continues to perform well under field conditions.
Regional Suitability
Experts observe that conventional polyhouses remain suitable in parts of Maharashtra and other regions that do not experience the same degree of summer heat and weather extremes as Punjab. However, for Punjab's conditions, flat insect-net structures may offer a more practical, economical, and climate-resilient alternative. Scientists anticipate that the findings will help determine whether insect-net cultivation systems can emerge as a viable replacement for conventional polyhouses for a range of horticultural crops in Punjab.
