Gold is widely regarded as one of the safest investment options globally, serving as a hedge against inflation, foreign exchange risks, and political instability. It is common for nations to include gold in their foreign exchange reserves. According to data from the first quarter of 2026, gold continues to play a vital role in national financial strategies, though only a few countries hold substantial gold reserves. The United States leads the list, followed by Italy, China, India, and Japan, spanning Europe and Asia. Developing nations such as Poland, Turkey, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan are also increasing their gold holdings as part of diversification efforts.
Per the World Atlas and World Gold Council, gold reserves not only reflect economic strength but also demonstrate prudent financial management. Below is the list of the top 10 countries with the largest gold reserves as of May 5, 2026.
List of Countries with the Most Gold Reserves 2026
- United States of America – 8,133.46 tonnes
- Italy – 2,451.84 tonnes
- China – 2,313.46 tonnes
- India – 880.52 tonnes
- Japan – 845.97 tonnes
- Poland – 581.64 tonnes
- Turkey – 534.85 tonnes
- Uzbekistan – 415.54 tonnes
- Kazakhstan – 353.59 tonnes
- United Kingdom – 310.29 tonnes
World’s Largest Gold Reserves by Country
United States of America – 8,133.46 Tonnes
The United States holds the world's largest gold reserves, with over 8,000 tonnes, solidifying its monetary supremacy. These reserves are stored in secure facilities such as Fort Knox and the New York Federal Reserve Bank. Gold serves as a foundational asset for the U.S. economy.
Italy – 2,451.84 Tonnes
Italy ranks second with more than 2,400 tonnes of gold, accumulated historically rather than through recent purchases. Italy strategically uses its gold reserves to maintain financial stability within Europe, acting as a safeguard against economic turmoil and high national debt.
China – 2,313.46 Tonnes
China has consistently increased its gold reserves, reaching over 2,300 tonnes by Q1 2026. The People's Bank of China has been one of the most active central banks in boosting gold holdings, aiming to reduce reliance on the U.S. dollar and enhance financial autonomy.
India – 880.52 Tonnes
India ranks among the top developing nations for gold reserves, with over 880 tonnes. The Reserve Bank of India has steadily added gold to diversify its foreign exchange reserves. Gold holds significant cultural and economic importance in India, and the country's growing economy and high import demand underscore its relevance.
Japan – 845.97 Tonnes
Despite its advanced financial system, Japan holds nearly 846 tonnes of gold. These reserves are primarily maintained to foster trust in the system, given Japan's export-dependent economy with large foreign exchange reserves in currencies like the U.S. dollar.
Poland – 581.64 Tonnes
Poland has rapidly expanded its gold reserves to over 580 tonnes, becoming a top European holder. This growth is part of a strategy to achieve financial self-sufficiency and stability. The National Bank of Poland has been acquiring gold to reduce dependence on foreign currencies.
Turkey – 534.85 Tonnes
Turkey's gold reserves exceed 534 tonnes, reflecting a flexible reserve management approach. The country's gold holdings have fluctuated with economic conditions and currency volatility. The Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey uses gold as a stabilizing tool during inflation and forex challenges, with some gold managed through commercial banks.
Uzbekistan – 415.54 Tonnes
Uzbekistan holds over 415 tonnes of gold, supported by robust domestic production. Gold is crucial for maintaining financial stability and export earnings. The government has strategically used gold to enhance economic sovereignty and stabilize its currency.
Kazakhstan – 353.59 Tonnes
Kazakhstan's gold reserves exceed 353 tonnes, backed by a significant mining sector. The National Bank of Kazakhstan has accumulated domestically produced gold, strengthening financial resilience and leveraging natural resources. Gold helps protect the economy from global commodity price swings and external shocks.
United Kingdom – 310.29 Tonnes
The United Kingdom holds about 310 tonnes of gold, a relatively low level compared to its historical peak. A substantial portion is stored in the Bank of England's vaults, which also serve as a global gold trading hub. The UK significantly reduced its reserves in the early 2000s but has since maintained stable holdings. London remains a key center for international gold trade.
