Raipur: Satellite imagery by ISRO's CARTOSAT, backed by drone surveys, have thrown up a disturbing trail of encroachment in a protected area of Udanti-Sitanadi Tiger Reserve in Chhattisgarh's Gariyaband district. As shown in the ISRO satellite feed and drone mapping, a staggering 1 lakh trees have been illegally felled over 106 hectares (265 acres) of encroached core forest land in the tiger reserve, bringing to the fore clinching evidence of large-scale damage inside the protected area. This forest belt notified in 1974 to protect giant sal trees has itself been stripped bare in parts over 15 years in the reserve's core wildlife habitat and Mahanadi catchment area.
The scale of encroachment was established through ISRO's CARTOSAT satellite imagery from 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2022, backed by drone mapping. Officials said the high-resolution images allowed them to identify individual encroachments, fields, felled trees and stumps with up to 10cm of clarity. Forest officials alleged 166 encroachers from Jaitpuri village occupied the land in the Sitanadi range despite owning plots in revenue areas. The department has registered preliminary offence reports and issued notices, with eviction and legal action set to follow.
Evidence of Systematic Destruction
The matter came to light after a team led by Udanti-Sitanadi sanctuary deputy director Varun Jain started preparing panchnamas and counting stumps in the affected area. Officials said several stumps had allegedly been burnt to destroy evidence, while fresh tree cutting and girdling — peeling bark to kill trees — were still being carried out to expand encroachment. "We found that the scale of encroachment, which stood at 45 hectares in 2011, had grown to 106 hectares over the next decade. In many patches, tree density has crashed from nearly 1,000 trees per hectare to barely 25–50, indicating systematic clearing for cultivation," Jain told TOI.
Ecological Impact and Conservation Efforts
The ecological damage is serious as Sitanadi is not only part of the Mahanadi catchment but also a crucial habitat for elephants, leopards and tigers. Officials said large-scale encroachment in such a sensitive zone may already have worsened habitat loss and man-animal conflict. The tiger reserve management said it has removed encroachment over 850 hectares in the past three years and arrested more than 600 poachers, smugglers and encroachers, helping bring human-wildlife conflict in the area close to zero. After eviction, the department plans groundwater conservation and large-scale tree plantation to restore the damaged forest.
Charges under the Wildlife Protection Act can attract imprisonment of up to seven years, while provisions relating to damage to public property can add up to three years, Jain said, adding that properties allegedly bought through illegal earnings may also be attached. According to local sources, some arrests in such cases were made in 2011 but due to tardy investigation, those arrested were acquitted within a year. Thereafter, they allegedly resumed expanding encroachment, felling trees over 106 hectares in the core area of the tiger reserve, notified in 2009.
