In an alarming climatic anomaly, the northern Indian state of Uttarakhand experienced its driest December in at least ten years, recording absolutely no rainfall or snowfall across all its 13 districts. This unprecedented dry spell marks a stark deviation from the region's typical winter weather patterns.
A State Parched: Unprecedented Zero Precipitation
According to the latest data released by the Regional Meteorological Centre (RMC) of the India Meteorological Department (IMD) in Dehradun, the state witnessed a complete absence of precipitation in December 2024. This stands in sharp contrast to the normal December average rainfall for Uttarakhand, which is around 17.5 mm.
The data reveals that every single district, from Dehradun and Haridwar to the hill stations of Nainital, Almora, Chamoli, Uttarkashi, and Pithoragarh, reported nil rainfall. These districts typically receive normal December averages ranging from 7.9 mm to 23.7 mm.
Historical Context and a Decade of Deficits
While December rainfall deficits are not uncommon for Uttarakhand, the total absence of rain and snow is a first in recent memory. A comparison with the past decade underscores the severity of the current situation:
- 2022 recorded a 99% deficit.
- 2018 saw a 92% shortfall.
- 2016 experienced an 82% deficit.
- 2023 had a 75% deficit.
- 2021 witnessed a milder 14% deficit.
Notably, December 2024 had recorded a significant rainfall surplus of 89%, highlighting the extreme year-to-year variability in the region's winter weather. The overall post-monsoon season (October to December) for 2024 ended with an overall rainfall deficit of 24% for the state.
Causes and Consequences of the Dry Spell
C S Tomar, the director of the RMC in Dehradun, pinpointed the primary cause for this extreme dryness. He stated that the lack of western disturbances was responsible. "These systems are crucial for bringing winter rain and snowfall to Uttarakhand," Tomar explained.
Meteorologists have raised concerns about the potential fallout from this prolonged dry period. The implications are multifaceted and serious:
- Impact on Agriculture: Winter crops (rabi crops) could be adversely affected due to lack of soil moisture.
- Water Resource Stress: Groundwater recharge and natural water sources, especially in hill districts heavily reliant on winter precipitation, may face strain.
- Ecological Balance: Extended dry conditions can disrupt local ecosystems.
Officials from the Met centre offered a glimmer of hope, indicating that January is expected to see better conditions in terms of rain and snow. However, they cautioned that if the dry spell continues, the impacts on agriculture and water availability could intensify.
This record-breaking dry December serves as a critical data point in understanding the changing climate dynamics of the Himalayan region, urging attention towards water conservation and adaptive agricultural practices.
