Russian President Vladimir Putin's crucial two-day visit to India, commencing on December 4, 2025, is set to redefine the strategic partnership between the two nations. The high-stakes summit with Prime Minister Narendra Modi on December 5 will focus on recalibrating energy and defence cooperation, navigating the complex pressures of Western sanctions led by the United States.
Defence Deals Take Centre Stage
The performance of the Russian-made S-400 Triumf air defence systems has deeply impressed Indian military planners. During the intense four-day military conflict with Pakistan in May 2025, India successfully deployed these systems. Satisfied with their operational success, New Delhi is now keen to bolster its air defence capabilities further.
India currently operates three squadrons of the S-400 out of the five ordered back in 2018. The remaining two squadrons are scheduled for delivery by 2026. However, the new plan involves purchasing an additional five squadrons, a major procurement expected to be a focal point of discussions between Modi and Putin.
Stealth Fighters and Strategic Balancing
Beyond air defence, Moscow is actively promoting its advanced Sukhoi-57, a fifth-generation stealth fighter jet. Russian officials are positioning it as a more cost-effective alternative to the American F-35 aircraft. This offer presents India with a significant choice as it modernises its air force while maintaining its traditional defence ties with Russia and deepening relations with the West.
The summit underscores India's delicate diplomatic balancing act. While facing persistent pressure from Washington over its defence engagements with Moscow, New Delhi continues to prioritise its national security requirements and the need for diversified military hardware sources.
Energy Security and Broader Ties
The agenda extends far beyond missiles and jets. Recalibrating the energy partnership is a top priority, with both nations likely to discuss new oil deals and payment mechanisms that can withstand the impact of US sanctions. Ensuring a stable and discounted supply of Russian crude oil remains vital for India's energy security and economic stability.
The outcomes of this summit will have lasting implications for the geopolitical landscape in Asia and the future of India-Russia relations in an increasingly polarised world.
