The Assam Legislative Assembly has passed a landmark bill to outlaw polygamy, introducing severe penalties including imprisonment of up to ten years. The Assam Prohibition of Polygamy Bill 2025 was approved during the winter session, marking a significant shift in the state's personal laws.
Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma, who also holds the home and political portfolios, spearheaded the legislation. He strongly defended the bill, stating it is "irrespective of religion and not against Islam as being perceived by a section." He further clarified that the law would cover individuals from all religious communities, including Hindus, Muslims, and Christians.
Key Provisions and Punishments
The newly enacted law defines polygamy as the act of entering into a marriage while already having a living spouse, unless legally separated or if a previous marriage is not legally dissolved. Those found guilty under this act face strict consequences.
A person convicted under this law can be sentenced to a maximum of ten years in prison. Furthermore, the bill includes a provision for financial compensation for the victim woman. The convicted individual will also become ineligible for government employment, state-sponsored schemes, and contesting elections in Assam.
Exemptions for Tribal Communities
A crucial aspect of the bill is its exemption for tribal populations. The legislation will not apply to people belonging to the Scheduled Tribes (ST) category or to areas governed under the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution.
This means regions like the Bodoland Territorial Region and the hill districts of Dima Hasao, Karbi Anglong, and West Karbi Anglong are kept outside the purview of this anti-polygamy law, acknowledging their distinct cultural and traditional practices.
Political Debate and Opposition
During the assembly session, the Chief Minister appealed to all opposition members to withdraw their proposed amendments to present a united front in empowering women. However, parties including the AIUDF and the CPI(M) proceeded with their suggestions for modifications.
These proposed amendments were ultimately defeated by a voice vote, allowing the original draft of the bill to be passed by the assembly. The move has sparked a significant political and social discussion across the state regarding uniform civil code principles and women's rights.
