Known as one of India's most polluted urban centers, Ludhiana has recorded a notable shift in its air quality trajectory for the latter part of 2025. For over two months, the city's Air Quality Index (AQI) has predominantly lingered in the 'moderate' category, marking a comparative improvement from the previous year's more severe readings.
Comparative AQI Data: 2025 vs 2024
A direct comparison of specific dates reveals a clear trend. On December 20, 2024, Ludhiana's AQI was recorded at 177, while on the same date in 2025, it measured 113. This pattern of lower pollution levels has been consistent. Data from the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) indicates that the last time Ludhiana enjoyed 'satisfactory' air was on October 13, 2025, with an AQI of 89. Since then, the air quality has largely been 'moderate,' a category which still poses breathing discomfort to people with lung, asthma, and heart conditions.
The breakdown of 'poor' air days further highlights the improvement. After October 13, the city experienced only five 'poor' AQI days in October and two in November, with the rest of November's days in the 'moderate' range. Every single day in December 2025, up to the 20th, has registered in the 'moderate' category.
Officials Explain Reasons for Improvement
Punjab Pollution Control Board (PPCB) authorities have identified several factors behind this year's relatively better air. Atul Kaushal of the PPCB pointed to fewer stubble burning incidents, the presence of slight winds aiding dispersal, and stricter checks on the burning of solid waste by municipal workers. He also credited government initiatives aimed at controlling industrial air pollution, with a specific focus on emissions from brick kilns.
When questioned why the AQI hasn't reached the 'good' or 'satisfactory' levels more often, officials pointed to Ludhiana's geographical and meteorological challenges. The region's location, with the Himalayas to the north and the Aravalli range to the south, often prevents winds from effectively scattering accumulated pollutants.
Residents Continue to Feel the Impact
Despite the recorded improvement, the winter season continues to bring health woes for many citizens. Residents like Gurdeep Singh report facing respiratory problems due to the combination of cold and polluted air. He emphasizes the need for a collaborative effort between the public and government agencies to further curb pollution, especially to protect vulnerable groups such as the elderly, the sick, and young children.
The comparative data from 2024 underscores the progress made. In November 2024, Ludhiana had one 'very poor' day, 21 'poor' days, and only eight 'moderate' days. Furthermore, a day-by-day analysis of the first 20 days of December shows that on 13 of those days, the AQI was higher last year compared to the same days in 2025.
