A recent study led by Dr. Rohit Shetty, director of Narayana Nethralaya in Bengaluru, has found that improper use of eye cosmetics, particularly failing to remove them at night, can increase inflammatory markers in the eyes by up to 40%. The study, titled ‘Biological Cleansing: Toward Improving Ocular Surface Surgical Outcomes’, has been accepted for publication in the Indian Journal of Ophthalmology.
Key Findings of the Study
The research analyzed tear film biomarkers and discovered that commonly used products such as mascara, eyeliner, eye shadow, and false eyelashes can trigger inflammation and destabilize the tear film when not adequately removed. Dr. Shetty explained that improper removal of cosmetics can increase inflammatory markers like MMP9, IL-17, and IL-6 by as much as 40%, while also clogging the meibomian glands that are essential for tear film stability. These changes can disrupt the eye's immune balance and affect cellular repair mechanisms.
Chronic Issues from Prolonged Exposure
Prolonged exposure to such irritants, combined with factors like increased screen time, can lead to chronic issues such as dry eyes, light sensitivity, and contact lens intolerance. Other ophthalmologists consulted by TOI emphasized that the eye has a built-in biological cleansing mechanism. Dr. Namita C Anagol, senior consultant ophthalmologist at Nethradhama Super Speciality Eye Hospital, explained that the tear film acts as the eye's natural cleansing system. With every blink, it removes dirt, debris, and microbes while delivering antimicrobial substances like lysozyme and immunoglobulins.
Impact of Cosmetics on Eye Health
Blinking spreads a fresh layer of tears across the eye while pushing out the older layer. Cosmetics can interfere with this process. Products like kajal or eyeliner, especially when applied on the waterline, can block gland openings, leading to debris accumulation and an unstable tear film. Dr. Namita also flagged risks linked to newer cosmetic trends such as eyelash extensions and tattooing, which alter the natural protective function of eyelashes and introduce chemicals that can irritate the eye and block glands.
Precautions and Recommendations
Experts suggest that while cosmetics need not be completely avoided, precautions can minimize their impact. Dr. Sorabh Malik, consultant ophthalmologist at Dr. Agarwals Eye Hospital, recommends opting for chemical-free and hypoallergenic products, limiting usage to once or twice a week, and maintaining proper eyelid hygiene. He also recommends the hot fomentation technique, which involves using a clean cloth dipped in lukewarm water to gently massage the eyelids, opening blocked pores, improving tear secretion, and removing debris.
Dr. Rohit Shetty emphasizes that care should go beyond just removing makeup. He recommends using medicated eyelid wipes containing ingredients like tea tree oil, castor oil, or coconut oil. The focus should be on biological cleansing, which involves maintaining overall eye health through proper hygiene, ensuring adequate sunlight exposure for Vitamin D, and incorporating supplements such as omega-3 fatty acids and curcumin.
