Dr Sumit Kapadia, a prominent Vascular and Varicose Vein Surgeon, recently took to social media to deliver a crucial public health warning. He explained the insidious process of artery blockage, emphasising that even individuals who consider themselves healthy can be at risk. The key takeaway is that blockages don't happen suddenly; they develop gradually, often without obvious warning signs.
The Silent Process of Atherosclerosis
Dr Kapadia detailed that the underlying condition, known as Atherosclerosis, involves the build-up of fat, specifically cholesterol, within the blood vessels. This cholesterol combines with calcium and inflammatory cells to form a sticky plaque on the arterial walls. Over time, this plaque narrows the arteries. The real danger occurs when this narrowed passage suddenly gets completely blocked by a blood clot, leading to catastrophic events like a heart attack, brain stroke, or Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) in the legs. This is why regular check-ups are vital, even for those feeling fit.
Five Warning Signs You Must Not Ignore
Dr Kapadia highlighted five specific symptoms that are frequently dismissed but can be critical indicators of developing artery blockages.
1. Pain Signals Reduced Blood Flow
Chest pain or angina is a classic sign. It often manifests as pressure, tightness, or a squeezing sensation in the chest, which may spread to the arms, neck, jaw, or back. This typically occurs during physical activity or stress when the heart's demand for oxygen outpaces the supply from narrowed arteries. Many mistakenly attribute it to indigestion or muscle strain. Similarly, leg pain while walking, called claudication, indicates poor circulation in the limbs due to Peripheral Artery Disease. Any recurring pain of this nature warrants immediate medical evaluation with tests like an EKG or stress test.
2. Shortness of Breath Hints at Heart Strain
If you find yourself getting winded doing simple tasks like climbing a few stairs, it could be a red flag. Blocked arteries limit oxygen-rich blood flow to the heart and lungs, forcing these organs to work harder. People often blame age or poor fitness, overlooking the real cause. This symptom may worsen when lying down, signalling possible fluid buildup from a struggling heart. Smokers and diabetics are at higher risk, but anyone experiencing unusual breathlessness should seek prompt medical advice.
3. Fatigue Shows Oxygen Starvation
While fatigue is a common complaint, Dr Kapadia stresses it should not be ignored when combined with other signs. Unexplained, persistent tiredness that doesn't improve with rest can mean your muscles and organs are not getting enough oxygen due to narrowed arteries. Many chalk it up to a busy lifestyle or poor sleep, delaying diagnosis. Studies show this is a particularly overlooked sign in women, potentially linked to silent ischemia where heart tissue is deprived of oxygen without causing overt pain.
4. Numbness in Extremities Warns of Poor Circulation
A feeling of numbness, tingling, or coldness in the hands, feet, arms, or legs can signal reduced blood flow to the limbs. This is a hallmark of Peripheral Artery Disease. These sensations are often mistaken for a pinched nerve or poor posture. For individuals with diabetes, the risk is significantly higher. An ankle-brachial index test is a simple way to diagnose circulation issues. Left untreated, severe blockages can lead to non-healing ulcers and even increase the risk of amputation.
5. Swelling in Legs and Feet Indicates Fluid Backup
Persistent swelling, or edema, in the ankles, feet, or legs occurs when the circulatory system is compromised. Blocked arteries and veins impair the body's ability to drain fluid efficiently, often due to the heart's reduced pumping efficiency. While temporary swelling can be benign, persistent or one-sided swelling demands attention as it can be linked to deep vein thrombosis or heart failure. Ignoring it can lead to skin breakdown and serious infections.
Conclusion: Prevention and Proactive Care
Dr Sumit Kapadia's warning is clear: artery disease is a silent, progressive condition that can affect anyone. The common thread among the five symptoms is that they are easily dismissed as minor, everyday ailments. The key to prevention lies in listening to your body and not ignoring persistent changes. Regular health screenings, managing cholesterol levels, maintaining a healthy diet, and quitting smoking are essential steps. If you experience any of these warning signs, especially in combination, consulting a doctor for a proper vascular assessment could be a life-saving decision.
