In a significant breakthrough for ophthalmology and infectious disease research, a collaborative team from the Bose Institute in Kolkata and the LV Prasad Eye Institute (LVPEI) in Hyderabad has identified a novel antimicrobial peptide with the potential to transform the treatment of drug-resistant fungal infections of the cornea. These infections are a leading cause of blindness across South Asia.
The 'Slow Epidemic' of Fungal Keratitis
Fungal keratitis, an infection of the cornea, is often termed a "slow epidemic," particularly prevalent in developing nations. Agricultural workers are especially vulnerable, as minor eye injuries from plant matter or dust can provide an entry point for fungal pathogens. Warm and humid climates further accelerate fungal growth. In urban environments, emerging risk factors include poor contact lens hygiene and prolonged lens wear. In severe, untreatable cases, the only recourse to prevent permanent vision loss is a corneal transplant.
SA-XV: A Potent Molecular Weapon Derived from Human Protein
The newly discovered peptide, named SA-XV, is a 15-amino-acid sequence derived from a naturally occurring human protein called S100A12. The team's research, recently published in the prestigious peer-reviewed Journal of Biological Chemistry, details how SA-XV demonstrates strong antifungal activity against pathogens that have grown resistant to conventional drugs.
Despite its small size, SA-XV acts as a powerful molecular weapon. Laboratory experiments revealed that the peptide binds to fungal cell walls, disrupts their protective membranes, and goes on to damage critical internal cellular components like DNA and mitochondria. This multi-pronged attack leads to the rapid death of the fungal cells.
Beyond Killing: A Dual-Action Healing Promoter
Importantly, the peptide's action is not limited to being a potent fungicide. Co-author Anirban Bhunia from Bose Institute highlighted that SA-XV also appears to promote healing processes. This dual functionality makes it a particularly promising therapeutic candidate. Sanhita Roy from LVPEI stated, "This strategy could revolutionize treatment options for fungal infections." The research teams from both institutes collaborated closely on this groundbreaking work.
The study received support from the Velux Stiftung, a Switzerland-based foundation that funds research aimed at generating new knowledge with long-term societal impact. The discovery arrives at a critical time, as drug-resistant fungal infections pose an escalating global health threat. Estimates suggest antifungal resistance contributes to approximately 2.5 million deaths worldwide annually, imposing a substantial socio-economic burden. The development of SA-XV offers a beacon of hope in this urgent fight.
