Bengaluru: The city has witnessed a sharp rise in dust-related allergies and respiratory illnesses over the past few weeks, with doctors attributing the spike to increased construction activity, dry weather, and worsening air quality. In many parts of the city, the Air Quality Index (AQI) has crossed 100, falling into the 'moderate' to 'poor' category. Doctors say this decline in air quality has significantly contributed to the surge in cases.
Rising Cases Since March
The increase in infections began in the first half of March as temperatures started rising. Currently, doctors report seeing 20 to 50 cases of dust-related illnesses each week, depending on the area. Dr. Shreevathsa Upadhyaya, Consultant in Internal Medicine at Sparsh Hospital, Yelahanka, said, "We are witnessing a sharp 20 to 40 percent increase in OPD visits mainly related to dust allergies, with some clinics reporting around 30 to 50 cases per week, depending largely on location. The rise typically begins during late February and early March as temperature increases and continues through the entire peak summer. The onset often coincides with dry weather conditions and higher outdoor exposure."
Common Symptoms and Conditions
Doctors say the most common conditions being reported include allergic rhinitis, asthma flare-ups, allergic conjunctivitis, and upper respiratory tract irritation. Dr. Nidhin Mohan, Senior Consultant in General Medicine at Narayana Healthcity, explained, "Common symptoms include runny nose, sneezing, watering of the eyes, wheezing, chest discomfort, dry and non-productive cough, breathing difficulty, and skin-related allergies like hives and itching."
Environmental Factors Behind the Spike
Explaining the reasons behind the spike, doctors point to a combination of environmental factors. Dr. Darshana Reddy, Medical Superintendent and Internal Medicine & Diabetologist at Altius Hospital, said, "This rise is largely due to environmental factors like intensified construction activity, road excavation, dry weather, and reduced rainfall, which allow dust to remain suspended in the air for longer periods. Vehicular emissions mixing with dust particles further worsen the irritant effect, while loss of vegetation and exposed soil contribute to the spread. PM10 particles have been identified as a major pollutant in many parts of the city, directly affecting the nose, throat, and airways. Current AQI levels often fall into the moderate to unhealthy range, making individuals with allergies or respiratory conditions particularly vulnerable."
While such seasonal increases are not uncommon, doctors say the situation is more severe this year.
Preventive Measures
To reduce risk, doctors recommend simple preventive measures. Dr. Shreevathsa advised, "After outdoor exposure, wearing masks and showering are effective in reducing dust-related symptoms. Masks help filter airborne particles, while bathing removes allergens from both skin and hair. Additional steps include using air purifiers, keeping windows closed during peak dusty hours, avoiding outdoor activities during periods of high pollution, and staying well hydrated."
Dr. Manjunath HK, Pulmonologist at Trust-In Hospital, added, "Other preventive measures include regular vacuuming, avoiding heavy carpets and soft toys, cleaning bed sheets, covers, and pillowcases with hot water once a week. Taking the flu shot also helps reduce complications."
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