Punjab's sex ratio at birth has shown a marginal improvement in 2025, according to the latest data released by the state health department. The overall ratio increased from 918 girls per 1,000 boys in 2024 to 922 in 2025. However, the slight uptick masks a worrying trend: 14 out of 22 districts recorded a decline in the sex ratio at birth.
Malwa Region Worst Hit
The Malwa region, known for its deep-rooted patriarchal norms and preference for male children, continues to be the worst affected. Districts like Bathinda, Mansa, and Faridkot have reported ratios below 900, with Bathinda dipping to 892. Experts attribute this to a combination of socio-economic factors, including poverty, low female literacy, and easy access to sex-selective technologies despite legal bans.
District-Wise Breakdown
Among the districts that saw improvement, Hoshiarpur topped with 978 girls per 1,000 boys, followed by Gurdaspur (965) and Rupnagar (951). On the other hand, the sharpest declines were observed in Ferozepur (down by 12 points), Sangrur (down by 10), and Patiala (down by 8). The data also reveals that rural areas have a lower sex ratio compared to urban centers, indicating a deeper challenge in the countryside.
Government Initiatives and Challenges
The Punjab government has implemented several schemes to improve the sex ratio, such as the 'Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao' campaign and financial incentives for families with girl children. However, activists argue that these measures have had limited impact due to weak enforcement and lack of awareness. Dr. Harpreet Kaur, a gender rights activist, said, "The decline in 14 districts is alarming. It shows that our efforts are not reaching the grassroots. We need stricter monitoring of prenatal diagnostic techniques and more community engagement."
Call for Action
Health officials have urged district administrations to intensify awareness campaigns and conduct surprise checks on clinics and nursing homes. The state government has also announced a review of the current policies to address the regional disparities. With the overall sex ratio still far below the national average of 940, Punjab faces a long road ahead to achieve gender balance.
In conclusion, while the marginal rise in Punjab's sex ratio at birth is a positive sign, the decline in a majority of districts underscores the persistent challenge of gender discrimination. The Malwa region, in particular, requires targeted interventions to reverse the trend and ensure a healthier future for the state's girl children.
