India's coastline stretches for more than 7,500 km, encompassing coral reefs, mangroves, and tropical seas that support spectacular marine life. Among its lesser-known inhabitants are sea snakes, highly adapted reptiles that spend most or nearly all of their lives in the ocean. While some are harmless, others possess potent venom. From time to time, news reports emerge of sea snakes being spotted at popular Indian beaches, making it important for travellers to be informed.
Are Sea Snakes Dangerous to Humans?
Despite their venom, sea snakes are generally non-aggressive. Most incidents occur when fishermen accidentally catch them in nets or when travellers unknowingly venture into unknown waters. Here are five of the most venomous sea snakes found in Indian waters.
Beaked Sea Snake
The beaked sea snake is one of the world's most venomous sea snakes and is responsible for a noticeable number of reported bites in South and Southeast Asia. Its venom is extremely toxic, affecting muscles and the nervous system. A distinctive feature is its hooked snout, or "beak." Where to spot it in India: coastal waters of Gujarat, Odisha shoreline, West Bengal coast and the Sundarbans, and waters off Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.
Yellow-bellied Sea Snake
This spectacular and venomous marine snake spends almost its entire life in open water and is easily recognised by its striking colour pattern. Sightings are uncommon as they live in deep waters. Where to spot it in India: Bay of Bengal, around the Andamans, and occasionally near Lakshadweep.
Annulated Sea Snake
The annulated sea snake is another highly venomous species in Indian waters. It has a long, slender body marked with broad bluish-grey rings. It feeds on fish and is an agile swimmer. Its venom is extremely potent, and it generally avoids human interaction. Where to spot it in India: waters of Odisha, shores of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and the Andamans.
Spine-bellied Sea Snake
Also known as the short sea snake, the spine-bellied sea snake is among the most common species caught accidentally in fishing nets across the Indian Ocean. It has a relatively short, thick body with dark bands. Its venom is powerful enough to immobilise fish rapidly. Where to spot it in India: coastal waters off Kerala, Karnataka, Goa, and the eastern coastline of Tamil Nadu.
Dubois' Sea Snake
Sightings of Dubois' sea snake have been reported from several parts of the eastern Indian Ocean, occasionally in Indian marine ecosystems, mostly around island territories. Where to spot it: coral reef ecosystems around the Andaman Sea.
