The central government is examining a hybrid examination model for NEET-UG, nearly two years after the 2024 paper leak controversy and the unprecedented cancellation of NEET-UG 2026. Under this model, question papers could be digitally transmitted to centres and printed locally under secure conditions. Officials stated that this is being considered a safer alternative, as conducting a fully online exam for 23 lakh candidates remains difficult due to infrastructure and logistical challenges.
Discussions on Reforms
A senior health ministry official indicated that discussions on possible reforms in NEET are expected in the coming days between the health ministry, the National Medical Commission (NMC), and the National Testing Agency (NTA). These talks will explore whether parts of the examination process can be digitised.
The Proposed Hybrid Model
Officials said the proposed “computer-assisted secure paper-based test,” recommended by the Radhakrishnan Committee, is emerging as a possible middle path between fully offline and fully computer-based examinations. Under this proposal, encrypted question papers would be sent to confidential servers at exam centres or regional hubs shortly before the exam and printed locally using high-speed secure printers. “The idea is to reduce manual handling points during transportation and storage of question papers, which are considered vulnerable stages,” an official said, adding that printing exam papers closer to examination time could reduce risks of leaks.
Advantages of the Hybrid System
According to officials, the hybrid system could retain the advantages of a single-day, single-paper offline examination—avoiding controversies over normalisation and varying difficulty levels across shifts—while continuing to allow a large number of centres, including those in smaller towns and rural areas, to host the exam.
Challenges with Fully Online Exam
Another senior official said shifting NEET fully online was difficult because of the exam’s sheer scale and complications linked to multiple-shift testing. “India currently lacks infrastructure to conduct a single-day computer-based exam for nearly 25 lakh students. At best, only 1 to 1.5 lakh candidates can be accommodated daily. Multiple shifts would bring into play issues of normalisation, fairness and comparisons across sessions,” the official said.
The official added that many NEET aspirants from smaller towns and rural areas may not be equally familiar with computer-based testing. Unlike offline exams conducted in schools across districts, online tests require specialised centres, stable internet, uninterrupted electricity, and technical manpower.
Concerns with Full Online Transition
Officials said a fully online system could also significantly reduce the number of centres and force many students to travel to larger cities. Cyber-security risks, server failures, and technical disruptions are also issues to be considered. Any transition, they said, would require months of preparation, including infrastructure expansion, mock tests, and student familiarisation exercises.
Next Steps
The hybrid system, however, would still require pilot testing, infrastructure assessment, and detailed operational protocols before rollout. “These are still discussions and nothing has been finalised yet. But after repeated controversies in recent years, there is broad agreement that reforms are needed,” an official said.
The Radhakrishnan Committee was constituted after the NEET-UG 2024 controversy to recommend reforms for strengthening examination security and transparency.
