Beyond Security: Modi Government's Dual Strategy Against Naxalism
The NDA government's muscular approach to rooting out Naxalism, characterized by encounter killings of armed cadre and top commanders in large numbers, has consistently fueled debate among admirers and critics of this hardline policy. However, a less discussed but equally critical aspect is the parallel focus on intensifying basic initiatives like constructing schools, health centers, and boosting infrastructure in the vast region. For years, this area was deprived of even basic civic necessities as the state's writ was overshadowed by the tight grip of left-wing extremism.
Debunking the Development Narrative
Union Home Minister Amit Shah, who has spearheaded the anti-Naxal strategy, took pains during his speech in the Lok Sabha on Monday to challenge the popular narrative that a lack of development was a key factor behind the surge of Maoists. He argued that, in fact, it was the rise of Naxalism that ensured development initiatives skipped the red corridor. This perspective shifts the focus to how the government's anti-Naxal drive now runs on a dual track: intensifying security crackdowns while simultaneously ramping up development efforts in the largely tribal regions, which serve as the nucleus of Maoist activity.
Infrastructure and Connectivity Boost
To counter the insurgents' tactics, such as using improvised explosive devices (IEDs) on unpaved roads, the government cleared projects for nearly 18,000 km of roads in affected areas. This initiative not only facilitates movement for security forces but also benefits villagers. Shah noted that over 12,000 km of roads have already been constructed. Additionally, more than 5,000 mobile towers were installed, linking many unconnected and remote areas with modern communication. This connectivity allows locals to engage with the wider world more easily than ever before, breaking the isolation that often fueled extremist influence.
Expanding Basic Services and Welfare
The development push extends beyond infrastructure. Thousands of bank branches, ATM kiosks, and post offices have been set up, providing financial inclusion to tribal populations. Over 250 Eklavya tribal schools were opened, and regular health camps were organized in distant places, complemented by the opening of hospitals in several locations. These efforts give the tribal population a taste of the government's welfare outreach on an unprecedented scale, helping to loosen the hold of Naxals. Previously, Maoists were often the only, albeit limited, source of help for these communities.
Leveraging Aspirational Districts Programme
The Modi government's development initiative for aspirational districts, a programme targeting areas lagging in socio-economic metrics, has also proven instrumental. As security forces, in coordination with state police, pile pressure on Maoists—who once blew up schools or water tankers—locals are increasingly benefiting from these developments. For instance, Chhattisgarh Chief Minister Vishnu Deo Sai mentioned in an interaction that even the mother of dreaded Maoist Hidma was treated at a government hospital, highlighting the reach of these initiatives.
Political and Ideological Dimensions
In his speech, Shah emphasized that Naxalism did not spread because of poverty but rather that poverty was exacerbated by its rise. He blamed Leftist ideology, inspired by "foreign" ideas, for the emergence of Maoists, noting they chose the Red corridor not to fight discrimination but due to weak government presence. Shah also criticized the politics of BJP's opponents, including the Congress, for the long run of Naxals. He alleged that the National Advisory Council, formed under Sonia Gandhi's chairmanship, was filled with Naxal sympathisers, pointing to political factors in the persistence of extremism.
This dual strategy of security and development represents a comprehensive approach to tackling Naxalism, aiming to not only eliminate threats but also build a foundation for lasting peace and progress in tribal regions.
